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2009年7月在江苏省南部城市苏州,无锡和南通采集了58个城市地表灰尘样品, 使用加速溶剂萃取、气相色谱质谱法测定了样品中的22种有机氯农药(OCPs).结果表明,样品中有19种OCPs被检出,总OCPs含量为76.6mg/kg.六氯苯(HCB)、总滴滴涕(DDTs)和氯丹是样品中检测出的主要OCPs,检出率分别为100%、100%和82.8%,含量分别为26.8mg/kg(0.432~348mg/kg)、39.6mg/kg(1.95~559mg/kg)和6.17mg/kg(ND~145mg/kg).城市地表灰尘样品与中国城市大气样品中检测出OCPs的种类基本一致,而各化合物之间的比例不同.与郊区农田土比较,地表灰尘中检测出的OCPs种类多且含量高.样品中(DDD+DDE)/DDTs的比值显示地表灰尘中的DDT大部分已经降解.城市地表灰尘中的HCB含量较高,工业污染来源可能性较大,工业污染源释放的HCB已经通过大气传输影响到了城区.城市地表灰尘中的反式-氯丹与顺式-氯丹的比值平均为1.94,表明城市中仍有新近使用氯丹的现象. 相似文献
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Cleaning of hollow-fibre polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with di erent chemical reagents after ultrafiltration of algal-rich
water was investigated. Among the tested cleaning reagents (NaOH, HCl, EDTA, and NaClO), 100 mg/L NaClO exhibited the best
performance (88.4% 1.1%) in removing the irreversible fouling resistance. This might be attributed to the fact that NaClO could
eliminate almost all the major foulants such as carbohydrate-like and protein-like materials on the membrane surface, as confirmed by
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, negligible irreversible resistance (1.5% 1.0%) was obtained when the
membrane was cleaning by 500 mg/L NaOH for 1.0 hr, although the NaOH solution could also desorb a portion of the major foulants
from the fouled PVC membrane. Scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that 500 mg/L
NaOH could change the structure of the residual foulants on the membrane, making them more tightly attached to the membrane
surface. This phenomenon might be responsible for the negligible membrane permeability restoration after NaOH cleaning. On the
other hand, the microscopic analyses reflected that NaClO could e ectively remove the foulants accumulated on the membrane surface. 相似文献
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Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Erhai,
Southwest China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jianyang Guo Zhang Liang Haiqing Liao Zhi Tang Xiaoli Zhao Fengchang Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1308-1315
The temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in a sediment core from Lake Erhal in Southwest China using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.The total organic carbon (TOC) normalized total PAHs concentrations (sum of US Environmental Protection Agency proposed 16 priority PAHs) ranged from 31.9 to 269 μg/g dry weight (dw),and were characterized by a slowly increasing stage in the deeper sediments and a sharp increasing stage in the upper sediments.The PAHs in the sediments were dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs,suggesting that the primary source of PAHs was low- and moderate temperature combustion processes.However,both the significant increase in high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in the upper sediments and the vertical profile of diagnostic ratios pointed out a change in the sources of PAHs from low-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion.The ecotoxicological assessment based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines implied that potential adverse biological impacts were possible for benzo(ghi)perylenelene and most LMW PAHs.In addition,the total BaP equivalent quotient of seven carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BaA,CHr,BbF,BkF,BaP,DBA and INP) was 106.1 ng/g,according to the toxic equivalency factors.Although there was no great biological impact associated with the HMW PAlls,great attention should be paid to these PAH components based on their rapid increase in the upper sediments. 相似文献
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